- Renters are most likely to pay under $1,000 a month in Oklahoma City, New Orleans and Cleveland, and least likely in San Diego, San Jose and Washington, D.C.
- There are four metros where renters are more likely than they were pre-pandemic to pay under $1,000 a month: Baltimore, New Orleans, New York and Los Angeles.
- 40% of renters that pay under $1,000 a month have lived in their apartment for five years or more—a higher share than renters in all other price brackets.
- Renters paying under $1,000 often stay put because moving would mean paying more; just 7.5% of apartment listings today have asking rents below $1,000.
Less than one-third (32.1%) of renter households pay under $1,000 in monthly rent—the lowest share on record. That’s down from 35.2% in 2022 and 50.4% in 2012.
The lion’s share (47.9%) of renter households pay between $1,000 and $1,999, while 14.4% pay $2,000-$2,999 and 5.7% pay $3,000 or more.
This is based on a Redfin analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data released this month. The most recent year for which the Census has data is 2023. We excluded 2020 because of data collection issues experienced by the Census during the pandemic. This report covers U.S. apartments in buildings with five or more units. Historical rents are inflation-adjusted to represent 2023 dollars.
Rents skyrocketed during the pandemic moving frenzy and then stabilized near their record high, which is why the share of rental listings under $1,000 has been shrinking. The median apartment asking rent now sits at $1,634, little changed from last year but up roughly 20% from before the pandemic.
window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };
tude.cmd.push(function() {
tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([
{
divId: ‘news-desktop’,
baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-News_InlineVideo’,
}
]);
});
“Rising rents have made it increasingly difficult for people to find housing in America,” said Redfin Senior Economist Sheharyar Bokhari. “Low-income workers, college students, immigrants and people on the fringes of homelessness have had to come up with new ways to be resourceful, with some taking on multiple roommates and others receiving financial support from family or friends.”
Less Than 10% of Apartments on the Market Today Cost Under $1,000, Prompting Many Renters to Stay Put
While about one of every three renter households pays less than $1,000 in monthly rent, as noted above, the share of apartments that are currently listed for under $1,000 is much lower.
Roughly one of every thirteen (7.5%) apartments on the market has an asking rent below $1,000. The majority—63.7%—cost between $1,000 and $1,999. Meanwhile, 22% are listed for $2,000-$2,999, and 6.9% are listed for $3,000 or more. That’s based on listing data from Redfin.com and Rent.com covering the three months ending Sept. 30, 2024. Please note that the remainder of this report uses Census data through 2023.
Some renters who pay less than $1,000 a month are staying put because they don’t make enough money to afford the typical apartment on the market today. Many signed their leases years ago, when housing was more affordable. Property owners do often raise rents for existing tenants, but those increases are typically smaller than the increases they institute when looking for a new tenant.
Two of every five (40.2%) renter households paying under $1,000 a month have been in their apartment for five years or more, compared with 26.1% of renters paying $1,000-$1,999, 17.2% of renters paying $2,000-$2,999 and 15.6% of renters paying $3,000 or more.
Renters in Oklahoma City, New Orleans and Cleveland Are Most Likely to Pay Under $1,000 a Month
Nearly two-thirds (64.3%) of renter households in Oklahoma City pay less than $1,000 in monthly rent—the highest share among the 50 most populous core-based statistical areas (CBSAs). Next come New Orleans (63.5%), Cleveland (63.4%), Louisville, KY (57.6%) and Pittsburgh (55.8%). There are four other metros where the majority of renters pay under $1,000: Buffalo, NY (55.2%), Cincinnati (54.9%), St. Louis (53.9%) and Memphis, TN (53.5%). Please note that we used the term “CBSA” and “metro area” interchangeably throughout this report.
The aforementioned metro areas have among the lowest asking rents in the country, but it’s worth noting that some have seen large increases lately—likely because those low rents have fueled an uptick in demand. The median asking rent in Cleveland, for example, rose 11.1% year over year last month—one of the largest jumps among the metros Redfin analyzed. Cincinnati and Louisville also saw sizable increases.
Renters in California Are Least Likely to Pay Under $1,000 a Month
In San Diego, just 7.1% of renter households pay less than $1,000 in monthly rent—the lowest share among the 50 most populous metros. Next came San Jose, CA (7.8%), Washington, D.C. (8%), Denver (8.5%) and Austin, TX (9.1%). All are places that have either long been expensive or exploded in popularity in recent years, causing rents to rise.
There Are Four Metros Where Renters Are More Likely Than They Were Before the Pandemic to Pay Under $1,000 a Month
In Baltimore, one-quarter (25.1%) of renter households pay less than $1,000 in monthly rent, up from 21.6% in 2019—the biggest increase among the metros Redfin analyzed. Three other metros saw increases: New Orleans (63.5% from 60.5%), New York (24.9% from 23.7%) and Los Angeles (13% from 12.3).
On the other end of the spectrum is Birmingham, AL, where 44% of renter households pay under $1,000. That’s down from 61.7% in 2019—the largest decline among the metros Redfin analyzed. Next came Phoenix (12.4% from 28.1%), Las Vegas (17.8% from 32.5%), Charlotte, NC (16.4% from 30.8%) and Richmond, VA (18.6% from 33%). Many of those metros, such as Phoenix, surged in popularity during the pandemic. That drove up demand for housing, and in turn, rents—which is why they have seen large declines in the share of renters paying under $1,000.
Metro-Level Summary: Share of Renter Households Paying Under $1,000/Month
The table below includes the 50 most populous CBSAs.
| U.S. metro area | 2023: Share of renter households paying under $1,000/month | 2022: Share of renter households paying under $1,000/month | 2019: Share of renter households paying under $1,000/month | 2012: Share of renter households paying under $1,000/month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National—U.S.A. | 32.1% | 35.2% | 37.0% | 50.4% |
| Atlanta, GA | 13.7% | 16.6% | 22.3% | 56.1% |
| Austin, TX | 9.1% | 13.7% | 13.3% | 43.9% |
| Baltimore, MD | 25.1% | 25.6% | 21.6% | 31.6% |
| Birmingham, AL | 44.0% | 51.6% | 61.7% | 75.3% |
| Boston, MA | 22.8% | 24.1% | 25.0% | 32.2% |
| Buffalo, NY | 55.2% | 55.4% | 59.1% | 70.9% |
| Charlotte, NC | 16.4% | 23.2% | 30.8% | 63.6% |
| Chicago, IL | 30.4% | 34.5% | 32.3% | 42.8% |
| Cincinnati, OH | 54.9% | 62.7% | 65.6% | 80.0% |
| Cleveland, OH | 63.4% | 65.1% | 70.2% | 73.3% |
| Columbus, OH | 40.4% | 45.1% | 47.4% | 74.4% |
| Dallas, TX | 14.7% | 20.7% | 26.2% | 59.7% |
| Denver, CO | 8.5% | 11.7% | 12.9% | 48.8% |
| Detroit, MI | 49.3% | 57.9% | 57.5% | 72.6% |
| Hartford, CT | 30.5% | 39.4% | 42.4% | 47.6% |
| Houston, TX | 30.4% | 35.2% | 35.3% | 59.2% |
| Indianapolis, IN | 46.7% | 51.3% | 53.7% | 74.9% |
| Jacksonville, FL | 23.0% | 25.5% | 36.1% | 55.4% |
| Kansas City, MO | 43.0% | 48.8% | 54.7% | 71.0% |
| Las Vegas, NV | 17.8% | 26.8% | 32.5% | 61.1% |
| Los Angeles, CA | 13.0% | 13.9% | 12.3% | 19.4% |
| Louisville, KY | 57.6% | 60.3% | 65.6% | 79.0% |
| Memphis, TN | 53.5% | 59.8% | 63.0% | 68.4% |
| Miami, FL | 10.4% | 13.4% | 14.0% | 28.4% |
| Milwaukee, WI | 49.5% | 54.4% | 53.7% | 61.8% |
| Minneapolis, MN | 26.4% | 29.1% | 29.5% | 51.2% |
| Nashville, TN | 17.8% | 23.6% | 26.9% | 66.7% |
| New Orleans, LA | 63.5% | 62.2% | 60.5% | 60.3% |
| New York, NY | 24.9% | 25.0% | 23.7% | 27.6% |
| Oklahoma City, OK | 64.3% | 71.7% | 76.6% | 76.6% |
| Orlando, FL | 10.6% | 14.2% | 18.5% | 49.2% |
| Philadelphia, PA | 25.8% | 28.2% | 28.9% | 36.5% |
| Phoenix, AZ | 12.4% | 15.6% | 28.1% | 60.7% |
| Pittsburgh, PA | 55.8% | 62.1% | 59.5% | 73.2% |
| Portland, OR | 15.4% | 15.0% | 16.4% | 50.1% |
| Providence, RI | 47.0% | 53.0% | 56.0% | 65.7% |
| Raleigh, NC | 14.6% | 16.7% | 24.0% | 57.2% |
| Richmond, VA | 18.6% | 30.8% | 33.0% | 47.8% |
| Riverside, CA | 21.7% | 21.2% | 23.3% | 36.2% |
| Sacramento, CA | 17.9% | 21.8% | 19.6% | 47.6% |
| Salt Lake City, UT | 18.0% | 22.7% | 25.2% | 57.7% |
| San Antonio, TX | 32.2% | 40.4% | 42.6% | 65.6% |
| San Diego, CA | 7.1% | 9.1% | 9.9% | 12.9% |
| San Francisco, CA | 15.0% | 15.2% | 16.6% | 20.3% |
| San Jose, CA | 7.8% | 10.3% | 8.2% | 12.3% |
| Seattle, WA | 11.6% | 11.2% | 12.9% | 31.7% |
| St. Louis, MO | 53.9% | 60.3% | 62.4% | 71.9% |
| Tampa, FL | 15.1% | 21.4% | 28.1% | 51.9% |
| Virginia Beach, VA | 29.3% | 30.6% | 36.6% | 36.4% |
| Washington, D.C. | 8.0% | 9.0% | 10.4% | 11.2% |
Methodology
Data on the share of rental housing by price point and length of stay comes from a Redfin analysis of self-reported contract rents in the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2012-2023 American Community Surveys (ACS*) for units in apartment buildings with five or more units. We excluded 2020 data due to issues with data collection during the pandemic. We also inflation-adjusted rents to reflect values in 2023 dollars, the most recent year for which Census data is available.
The data on the share of rental listings by price point comes from Redfin.com and Rent.com and covers units in apartment buildings with five or more units. This data is based on asking rents.
All metro-level data covers core-based statistical areas (CBSAs)
*ACS data was retrieved from IPUMS USA:
Steven Ruggles, Sarah Flood, Matthew Sobek, Daniel Backman, Annie Chen, Grace Cooper, Stephanie Richards, Renae Rodgers, and Megan Schouweiler. IPUMS USA: Version 15.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D010.V15.0
